MDMA
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3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy (tablet form), and molly (crystal form), is an empathogen–entactogenic drug with stimulant and minor psychedelic properties. In studies, it has been used alongside psychotherapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social anxiety in autism spectrum disorder. The purported pharmacological effects that may be prosocial include altered sensations, increased energy, empathy, and pleasure. When taken by mouth, effects begin in 30 to 45 minutes and last three to six hours. MDMA was first synthesized in 1912 by Merck chemist Anton Köllisch. It was used to enhance psychotherapy beginning in the 1970s and became popular as a street drug in the 1980s. MDMA is commonly associated with dance parties, raves, and electronic dance music. Tablets sold as ecstasy may be mixed with other substances such as ephedrine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine. In 2016, about 21 million people between the ages of 15 and 64 used ecstasy (0.3% of the world population). This was broadly similar to the percentage of people who use cocaine or amphetamines, but lower than for cannabis or opioids. In the United States, as of 2017, about 7% of people have used MDMA at some point in their lives and 0.9% have used it in the last year. The lethal risk from one dose of MDMA is estimated to be from 1 death in 20,000 instances to 1 death in 50,000 instances. Short-term adverse effects include grinding of the teeth, blurred vision, sweating, and a rapid heartbeat, and extended use can also lead to addiction, memory problems, paranoia, and difficulty sleeping. Deaths have been reported due to increased body temperature and dehydration. Following use, people often feel depressed and tired, although this effect does not appear in clinical use, suggesting that it is not a direct result of MDMA administration. MDMA acts primarily by increasing the release of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in parts of the brain. It belongs to the substituted amphetamine classes of drugs. MDMA is structurally similar to mescaline (a psychedelic), methamphetamine (a stimulant), as well as endogenous monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. MDMA has limited approved medical uses in a small number of countries, but is illegal in most jurisdictions. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is evaluating the drug for clinical use as of 2021. Canada has allowed limited distribution of MDMA upon application to and approval by Health Canada. In Australia, it may be prescribed in the treatment of PTSD by specifically authorised psychiatrists.
Article Title : MDMA
Article Snippet :3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy (tablet form), and molly (crystal form), is an empathogen–entactogenic drug with stimulant
Article Title : MDMA (disambiguation)
Article Snippet :Mr. Stry. MDMA may also refer to: MDMA (film), an American crime drama film "MDMA", a 2021 song produced by Swedish musician AronChupa "MDMA", a song by
Article Title : Entactogen
Article Snippet :MDMA. This class of drug is distinguished from the classes of hallucinogens or psychedelics and stimulants, although entactogens, for instance MDMA,
Article Title : (R)-MDMA
Article Snippet :(MDMA; midomafetamine; "ecstasy"), a racemic mixture of (R)-MDMA and (S)-MDMA. Like MDMA, (R)-MDMA is an entactogen or empathogen. It is taken by mouth. The
Article Title : MDMA-assisted psychotherapy
Article Snippet :MDMA-assisted psychotherapy (MDMA-AT) is the use of prescribed doses of MDMA as an adjunct to psychotherapy sessions. Research suggests that MDMA-assisted
Article Title : MDMA/citalopram
Article Snippet :MDMA/citalopram is a combination of the entactogen and monoamine releasing agent 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; also known as midomafetamine
Article Title : 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
Article Snippet :the product of hepatic N-dealkylation, of MDMA. It is also a common adulterant of illicitly produced MDMA. MDA is bought, sold, and used as a recreational
Article Title : Methylone
Article Snippet :related to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy"). It is the β-keto or cathinone analogue of MDMA. Methylone is usually taken orally, but is
Article Title : Lys-MDMA
Article Snippet :Lys-MDMA, or lysine-MDMA, also known as N-(L-lysinamidyl)-MDMA, is a prodrug of MDMA which is being investigated for possible use as a pharmaceutical drug
Article Title : Homo-MDMA
Article Snippet :Homo-MDMA (HMDMA), also known as α,N-dimethyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propylamine, is an entactogen-like drug of the phenylpropylamine group related
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